A range graded proportional circle map is a proportional circle map that depicts the circles in relation to ranges of data. The information is classified as equal quantiles, breaks, natural breaks, and minimum variance. This shows the population of American Indians by location (in the thousands). The bigger the circle, the bigger the population of American Indians in that location.
A continuously variable proportional circle map is a proportional circle map which utilizes circles to create point data. This relates the scales to the specific data. The circles are in proportion to the variable being measured. The circle map to the right shows the major industries in West Germany. The more industry, the bigger the circle. Each circle is also divided up by industry so that you can get a bigger picture on the industries that are big (and small) in West Germany.
DEM is also known as a Digital Elevation Model. This is a Digital Elevation Map of the Hartnet syudy site. It shows that there is a higher elevation in the northwest part of the site, and a lower elevation in the South West part of the site.
A DOQQ map is a computer generated image of an aerial photo with geometric qualities of a map. The map to the left has been digitally corrected from bad camera angles and shadows. This makes it a more accurate and clear aerial photo.
DLG is also known as a Digital Line Graph. This is a DLG showing hydrography and transportation layers. The blue lines are the hydrography layer and the orange lines are roads.
DRG maps are digital raster graphics. They are scanned images of a U.S. Geological Survey standard series topographic map. The image inside the map neat line is geo-referenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The map is scanned at a minimum resolution of 250 dots per inch. The map to the right is scanned from a USGS topographic map from an area near the Colorodo River.
An isopleth map generalizes and simplifies data with a continuous distribution. It shows the data as a third dimension on a map. They are mostly used for mapping surface elevations, amounts of precipitation, atmospheric pressure, and other measurements that can be viewed statistically as a third dimension. This is an Isopleth map of Hydrogen Ion concentration in the United States in 2003. It shows that there is more Hydrogen Ion concentration in the western part of the United States, and the least amount in the North East.
On a weather map an isobar is a line drawn on a map connecting points of equal barometric pressure. You will see them utilized with weather maps. This is an Isobar Map of sea level pressure in millibars. It shows that the least amount of sea level pressure is located around Ohio, and the most amount of pressure is off of the coast of Washington and Oregon and northern Texas and Oklahoma.
LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an optical remote sensing technology that measures different properties of dispersed light to find range or other information of a distant target. The difference between lidar and radar is that lidar uses shorter wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, generally close to infrared.
This is a black and white aerial photo of an area in Kansas. Aerial photos are good for showing actual sizes and distances because it is an actual photo. This photo shows roads, highways, houses, water, buildings, et cetera.
A Doppler Radar uses the Doppler effect of returned echoes from certain objects to measure their radial velocity. They are used for various things including air traffic control, police speed guns, and air defense. Here is a photograph from a Doppler Radar of Hurricane Andrew that hit Miami and caused extreme damage. This is a Doppler Radar picture of Hurricane Charley. Doppler radar picks up the precipitation (and may also pick up fog, smoke, etc.). The green and blue shades are the lighter precipitation. The yellow, orange and red (and sometimes purple) are where the heavier precipitation is.
Most infrared aerial documentation involves the creation of vertical infrared aerials. Combined with orthorecitification techniques, comprehensive infrared aerial maps can be created which can be invaluable both for planning and monitoring purposes. In this infrared aerial photo, the red shades indicate vegetation (and the tone of red indicates how well it is growing); tan or green indicates dead vegetation; green, blue or white can indicate ground areas, depending on the moisture and composition of the soil.
Cartographic animation has become a useful technique for representing geographical area's because of its capabilities to show relations between geospatial data components, location, attribute, and time. They are typically used to display geospatial information. The goal of cartographic animation is to be able to visualize something that would not be seen if the maps were looked at individually. This is an example of a cartographic animation. If you move your mouse over the classed or unclassifiable data, the data displayed in Nebraska will change to display the specific data for that disease.
The map to the left is a cartogram of the world's economy. A cartogram is a map where area is not preserved and many times they are used to represent the size of populations relative to the area in which they inhabit. There are two main types of cartograms: area and distance. This map shows that North America, Western Europe, Japan, and South Korea have the largest GDP.
Cartographers use flow maps to show the movement of objects from one location to another, and are used frequently when depicting migrations.The map above is a flow map of how to make a peanut butter sandwich. You start with "Get two pieces of bread", and follow the arrows and directions until it says "Eat and Enjoy". It is a step-by-step process.
An isoline map is a map with continuous lines joining points of the same value. Examples would be equal altitude (contour lines), temperature (isotherms), barometric pressure (isobars), wind speed (isotachs), wind direction (isogon), wind shear (isoshear), etc. Isoline mapping is used to interpret the information on some thematic maps. The map to the right shows the mean annual precipitation for Mexico from 1919-1953. The units are in millimeters. This also shows that there is more rain concentrated in the southern part of Mexico and in the Yucatan Peninsula
Proportional circle maps display data in relation to the size of the circles. This map was taken from a site that is actually explaining the purpose of these types of maps and the steps in properly constructing one yourself.
A choropleth map is a type of thematic map with areas shaded in reference to the statistic that is being measured. Here is a map of Florida with areas shaded in regards to percentage of Hispanic population.. You can tell from reading this map that South Florida has a larger population of Hispanics when being compared to the rest of the state.
Propaganda maps, like the one to the right, are prime examples of how maps are used to lie a deceive people according to what the map maker wants you to see. They are well known for their use in WWI and WWII.
A cadastral map aims to define land ownership; that is, precise property boundaries and accurate size of land parcels. The specific map above is the property line of a farm that is for sale in South Africa.
